The UN health agency today recommended that countries use tax policies to increase the price of sugary drinks like soft drinks, sport drinks and even 100 per cent fruit juices as a way to fight obesity, diabetes and tooth decay.
The World Health Organisation, in a statement timed for World Obesity Day, said that the prevalence of obesity worldwide more than doubled between 1980 and 2014, when nearly 40 per cent of people globally were overweight.
In a 36-page report on financial policy and diet, the WHO also cited "strong evidence" that subsidies to reduce prices for fresh fruits and vegetables can help improve diets. It said that tax policies that lead to a 20 per cent increase in the retail prices of sugary drinks would result in a proportional reduction in consumption.
Drawing on lessons from campaigns to fight tobacco use, the WHO says imposing or increasing taxes on sugary drinks could help lower consumption of sugars, bringing health benefits and more income for governments such as to pay for health services.
"Consumption of free sugars, including products like sugary drinks, is a major factor in the global increase of people suffering from obesity and diabetes," says Dr Douglas Bettcher, who heads WHO's department for preventing non-communicable diseases.The health agency has long recommended that people keep intake of sugar to less than 10 per cent of their total energy needs.
"If governments tax products like sugary drinks, they can reduce suffering and save lives."
The World Health Organisation receives funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, which supports raising taxes on sugary drinks to reduce consumption.The International Council of Beverages Associations, which represents Coke and Pepsi, said that it is disappointed that the "discriminatory taxation solely of certain beverages" is being proposed as a solution to the "very real and complex challenge of obesity".
WHO officials say that the US is no longer the leading consumer of sugar-sweetened beverages - Chile and Mexico are now in front. They also noted rapid increase in consumption in China and sub-Saharan Africa. At least three in five adolescents in countries including Chile, Argentina and Algeria consume soft drinks daily, compared with 20 to 40 per cent in the US and much of Europe.
"Taxation policies can be a very important tool - just one tool among many - but a very important tool for the reduction of sugar-sweetened beverages," said Dr Francesco Branca, who heads the WHO's Department for Nutrition and Health. He pointed to "pioneering" efforts by Michael Bloomberg, during his time as Mayor of New York, and other US officials to reduce sugar consumption.
The report was based on information collected in May last year, but the WHO is coming forward with its recommendation because the evidence of the link between tax policy and reduced consumption coupled with health benefits has only recently emerged, said Temo Waqanivalu, co-ordinator of the WHO's department for the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
Waqanivalu said that "discussion is ongoing" with companies behind such beverages on efforts to reduce sugar consumption.
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